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The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and perfect aspect that is used to express a past event that has present consequences. [1] The term is used particularly in the context of English grammar to refer to forms like "I have finished".
(present progressive passive) The stadium will have been built by next January. (future perfect passive) I would have got/gotten [32] injured if I had stayed in my place. (conditional perfect passive with get) It isn't nice to be insulted. (passive infinitive) Having been humiliated, he left the stage. (passive present participle, perfect aspect)
The present perfect continuous (or present perfect progressive) construction combines some of this perfect progressive aspect with present tense. It is formed with the present tense of have (have or has), the past participle of be (been), and the present participle of the main verb and the ending -ing.
The perfect aspect (or perfect progressive) can also be combined with marking for the passive voice. Perfect passive forms can be constructed by replacing the participle of the main verb with the corresponding participle of be followed by the past participle of the main verb: it has been eaten; it will have been eaten; it has been being eaten.
The use of passive voice allows speakers to organize stretches of discourse by placing figures other than the agent in subject position. This may be done to foreground the patient, recipient, or other thematic role ; [ 5 ] it may also be useful when the semantic patient is the topic of on-going discussion. [ 6 ]
Planned events can also be referred to using the present progressive (She is arriving tomorrow) or, if precisely scheduled, the simple present (She arrives tomorrow). The future progressive and future perfect can be used analogously to the past equivalents: We will be sitting on the beach this afternoon; We will have left the house by 4 o'clock.
Proto-Indo-European verbs had present, perfect , imperfect and aorist forms – these can be considered as representing two tenses (present and past) with different aspects. Most languages in the Indo-European family have developed systems either with two morphological tenses (present or "non-past", and past) or with three (present, past and ...
In particular the supposed present perfect progressive example I have been overcome is the same as the present perfect passive. If this were correct, the same words would have active voice in one case and passive in the other which seems absurd.