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DNA was first sequenced in 1977. The first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae , in 1995. In 1996 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be released and in 1998 the first genome sequence for a multicellular eukaryote, Caenorhabditis ...
The yeast genome is highly accessible to manipulation, hence it is an excellent model for genome engineering. The international Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0 or Saccharomyces cerevisiae version 2.0 ) aims to build an entirely designer, customizable, synthetic S. cerevisiae genome from scratch that is more stable than the wild type.
The Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) is a scientific database of the molecular biology and genetics of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is commonly known as baker's or budding yeast. [1] Further information is located at the Yeastract curated repository.
The second yeast species to have its genome sequenced was Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which was completed in 2002. [108] [109] It was the sixth eukaryotic genome sequenced and consists of 13.8 million base pairs. As of 2014, over 50 yeast species have had their genomes sequenced and published.
Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are genetically engineered chromosomes derived from the DNA of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is then ligated into a bacterial plasmid. By inserting large fragments of DNA, from 100–1000 kb, the inserted sequences can be cloned and physically mapped using a process called chromosome walking .
Genome sequence and features (e.g. physical location of genes in the genome) Protein and ncRNA functions, the cellular processes they participate in and where they localize; Phenotypes associated with different alleles and genotypes; Specific protein modification sites and when they occur
[3] [4] [5] The genome of the extensively researched yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains approximately 12 Mbp and was the first completely sequenced eukaryotic genome. [6] Due to their compact size fungal genomes can be sequenced with less resources than most other eukaryotic genomes and are thus important models for research. [7]
The genome sequence and gene annotation can be browsed through the ORCAE system. The complete genomic data allows scientists to identify homologous proteins and evolutionary relationships between other yeast species and Komagataella. In addition, all seven species were sequenced by 2022. [7]