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X-ray atomic form factors of oxygen (blue), chlorine (green), Cl − (magenta), and K + (red); smaller charge distributions have a wider form factor.. In physics, the atomic form factor, or atomic scattering factor, is a measure of the scattering amplitude of a wave by an isolated atom.
The two determinants of the F-factor are the effective atomic number (Z) of the material and the type of ionizing radiation being considered. Since the effective Z of air and soft tissue is approximately the same, the F-factor is approximately 1 for many x-ray imaging applications. However, bone has an F-factor of up to 4, due to its higher ...
The Mott–Bethe formula is an approximation used to calculate atomic electron scattering form factors, (,), from atomic X-ray scattering form factors, (,). [1] [2] [3] The formula was derived independently by Hans Bethe and Neville Mott both in 1930, [4] [5] and simply follows from applying the first Born approximation for the scattering of electrons via the Coulomb interaction together with ...
In condensed matter physics and crystallography, the static structure factor (or structure factor for short) is a mathematical description of how a material scatters incident radiation. The structure factor is a critical tool in the interpretation of scattering patterns ( interference patterns ) obtained in X-ray , electron and neutron ...
In elementary particle physics and mathematical physics, in particular in effective field theory, a form factor is a function that encapsulates the properties of a certain particle interaction without including all of the underlying physics, but instead, providing the momentum dependence of suitable matrix elements.
The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented.
Moseley's periodic law, concerning the modern periodic table. Auger electron spectroscopy, a similar phenomenon with increased X-ray yield from species of higher atomic number. Discovery of the neutron Mosley's law was an important step in the development of the understanding of the atom.
The peaks' positions in the Patterson function are the interatomic distance vectors and the peak heights are proportional to the product of the number of electrons in the atoms concerned. Because for each vector between atoms i and j there is an oppositely oriented vector of the same length (between atoms j and i ), the Patterson function ...