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Carboxylate ion Acrylate ion. In organic chemistry, a carboxylate is the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid, RCOO − (or RCO − 2). It is an anion, an ion with negative charge. Carboxylate salts are salts that have the general formula M(RCOO) n, where M is a metal and n is 1, 2,....
The flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) protein family specializes in the oxidation of xeno-substrates in order to facilitate the excretion of these compounds from living organisms. [1] These enzymes can oxidize a wide array of heteroatoms, particularly soft nucleophiles, such as amines, sulfides, and phosphites.
They are analogous to carboxylate esters (R−C(=O)−O−R’) with the sulfur in the thioester replacing oxygen in the carboxylate ester, as implied by the thio-prefix. They are the product of esterification of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−O−H) with a thiol (R'−S−H).
Protein is the key to keeping you full and energized. But when it comes to the source, some proteins stand above the rest, according to a new report from an advisory committee to the United States ...
Plant-based protein can help you hit your goals if you eat a variety to consume all of the essential amino acids. Experts share 10 best plant-based sources.
Converting a carboxylic acid to an amide is possible, but not straightforward. Instead of acting as a nucleophile, an amine will react as a base in the presence of a carboxylic acid to give the ammonium carboxylate salt. Heating the salt to above 100 °C will drive off water and lead to the formation of the amide.
While nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions can be base-catalyzed, the reaction will not occur if the leaving group is a stronger base than the nucleophile (i.e. the leaving group must have a higher pK a than the nucleophile). Unlike acid-catalyzed processes, both the nucleophile and the leaving group exist as anions under basic conditions.
In the Nagata reaction the cyanide source is diethylaluminum cyanide. The Gilman reagent is an effective nucleophile for 1,4-additions to conjugated carbonyls. The Michael reaction involves conjugate additions of enolates to conjugated carbonyls. The Stork enamine reaction involves the conjugate addition of enamines to conjugated carbonyls.