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Shoulder dystocia occurs after vaginal delivery of the head, when the baby's anterior shoulder is obstructed by the mother's pubic bone. [3] [1] It is typically diagnosed when the baby's shoulders fails to deliver despite gentle downward traction on the baby's head, requiring the need of special techniques to safely deliver the baby. [2]
Obstructed labour, also known as labour dystocia, is the baby not exiting the pelvis because it is physically blocked during childbirth although the uterus contracts normally. [2] Complications for the baby include not getting enough oxygen which may result in death. [ 1 ]
Signs and symptoms may include a limp or paralyzed arm, lack of muscle control in the arm, hand, or wrist, and lack of feeling or sensation in the arm or hand. Although several mechanisms account for brachial plexus injuries, the most common is nerve compression or stretch. Infants, in particular, may experience brachial plexus injuries during ...
In shoulder dystocia, the shoulder is trapped after the head is delivered, preventing delivery of the rest of the baby. The major risk factor (other than prior history of shoulder dystocia) is the baby being too large ( macrosomia ), which can result from the mother being obese or gaining too much weight, diabetes, and the pregnancy lasting too ...
[4] [7] Erb's palsy can also affect neonates affected by a clavicle fracture unrelated to dystocia. [12] A similar injury may be observed at any age following trauma to the head and shoulder, which cause the nerves of the plexus to violently stretch, with the upper trunk of the plexus sustaining the greatest injury.
Pubic symphysis diastasis (also known as diastasis symphysis pubis) is the separation of normally joined pubic bones, as in the dislocation of the bones, without a fracture that measures radiologically more than 10 mm. Separation of the symphysis pubis is a rare pathology associated with childbirth and has an incidence of 1 in 300 to 1 in 30,000 births.
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Postpartum infections, also historically known as childbed fever and medically as puerperal fever, are any bacterial infections of the reproductive tract following childbirth or miscarriage. Signs and symptoms usually include a fever greater than 38.0 °C (100.4 °F), chills, lower abdominal pain, and possibly bad-smelling vaginal discharge.
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