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  2. Cas12a - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas12a

    The CRISPR-Cas12a system consist of a Cas12a enzyme and a guide RNA that finds and positions the complex at the correct spot on the double helix to cleave target DNA. CRISPR-Cas12a systems activity has three stages: [3] Adaptation: Cas1 and Cas2 proteins facilitate the adaptation of small fragments of DNA into the CRISPR array.

  3. CRISPR gene editing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR_gene_editing

    CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing techniques have many potential applications. The use of the CRISPR-Cas9-gRNA complex for genome editing [10] was the AAAS's choice for Breakthrough of the Year in 2015. [11] Many bioethical concerns have been raised about the prospect of using CRISPR for germline editing, especially in human embryos. [12]

  4. He Jiankui genome editing incident - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He_Jiankui_genome_editing...

    On 26 November 2018, The CRISPR Journal published ahead of print an article by He, Ryan Ferrell, Chen Yuanlin, Qin Jinzhou, and Chen Yangran in which the authors justified the ethical use of CRISPR gene editing in humans. [74] As the news of CRISPR babies broke out, the editors reexamined the paper and retracted it on 28 December, announcing:

  5. Biotechnology risk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology_risk

    The greatest concern is frequently associated with gain-of-function mutations, which confer novel or increased functionality, and the risk of their release. Gain-of-function research on viruses has been occurring since the 1970s, and came to notoriety after influenza vaccines were serially passed through animal hosts. [citation needed]

  6. CRISPR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR

    Cas9 (or "CRISPR-associated protein 9") is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and open up specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within living organisms.

  7. CRISPR-associated transposons - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR-associated_transposons

    CRISPR-associated transposons have been harnessed for in vitro and in vivo gene editing at different targets, in different hosts, and with different payloads. All CAST components of the Tn6677 system from Vibrio cholerae have been combined into a single plasmid and confirmed to deliver up to 10kb transposons at near 100% efficiency. [ 16 ]

  8. Anti-CRISPR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-CRISPR

    Diagram showing type I-F CRISPR-Cas system, as well as inhibition mechanisms of three type I-F anti-CRISPRs. Type I-F CRISPR complex is made of 60 crRNA nucleotides and nine Cas proteins (the protein type is specified by the numbers 5,8,7,6). AcrF1 goes to Cas7f, preventing target DNA access to the crRNA guide.

  9. Childhood immunizations in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_immunizations_in...

    Since 1990, when the vaccine was introduced as a routine vaccination in children, rates of acute Hepatitis B has decreased in the United States by 82%. This vaccine is given as a series of shots, the first dose is given at birth, the second between 1 and 2 months, and the third, and possibly fourth, between 6 and 18 months.