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Anubis as a jackal perched atop a tomb, symbolizing his protection of the necropolis "Anubis" is a Greek rendering of this god's Egyptian name. [7] [8] Before the Greeks arrived in Egypt, around the 7th century BC, the god was known as Anpu or Inpu. The root of the name in ancient Egyptian language means "a royal child."
The solidification and commencement of these doctrines were formed in the creation of afterlife texts which illustrated and explained what the dead would need to know in order to complete the journey safely. Egyptian religious doctrines included three afterlife ideologies: belief in an underworld, eternal life, and rebirth of the soul.
Ay, with a leopard skin, performing the opening of the mouth for Tutankhamun.Wall painting from the Tomb of Tutankhamun (KV 62), 18th Dynasty (c. 1325 BCE). The ancient Egyptians held the belief that to reach the afterlife, one must pass through a series of arduous trials in the duat, which involve evading perilous creatures and traps.
Anubis would take them to Osiris and they would find their place in the afterlife, becoming maa-kheru, meaning "vindicated" or "true of voice". [47] If the heart was out of balance with Maat, then another fearsome beast called Ammit, the Devourer, stood ready to eat it and put the dead person's afterlife to an early and rather unpleasant end. [48]
Classical examples of a psychopomp are the ancient Egyptian god Anubis, [3] the deity Pushan in Hinduism, the Greek ferryman Charon, [1] the goddess Hecate, and god Hermes, the Roman god Mercury, the Norse Valkyries, the Aztec Xolotl, the Slavic goddess Morana and the Etruscan Vanth.
It was also the place where people's souls went after death for judgment, though that was not the full extent of the afterlife. [3] (p 143) Burial chambers formed touching-points between the mundane world and the Duat. As such, the west bank of the Nile was associated with the dead and funeral barges would mimic the sun god Ra's journey through ...
Medjed, an unusual looking god mentioned in the Book of the Dead; Nephthys (NebetHuet), Anubis' mother; sister of Osiris and Isis (Aset); also a guardian of the dead. She was believed to also escort dead souls to Osiris; Nehebkau, the primordial snake and funerary god associated with the afterlife, and one of the forty-two assessors of Maat
Anubis himself does not speak, [7] but is shown standing over the mummy, which lies on a bier. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Canopic jars containing the decedent's viscera are underneath the bier. The goddess Isis, four gods known as the sons of Horus, and the ba (a "personality," [ 10 ] or, literally, "what is immanent" [ 11 ] of the deceased are among those ...