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An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR), also called immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction, is a life-threatening reaction to receiving a blood transfusion. AHTRs occur within 24 hours of the transfusion and can be triggered by a few milliliters of blood. The reaction is triggered by host antibodies destroying donor red blood cells.
Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular). [2]
Hemolytic transfusion reactions are a possible complication from red blood cell transfusions. Hemolysis refers to the lysis (rupture) of red blood cells, and the resulting leakage of their contents. Hemolytic reactions may be immune or non-immune mediated. Immune-mediated hemolytic reactions, such as DHTR, represent a type of alloimmunity.
Hemolytic anemia is the hemolytic state in which anemia is present, and bone marrow function is inferentially unable to compensate for the shortened lifespan of the red cell. Immune hemolytic states are those, both anemic and nonanemic, which involve immune mechanisms consisting of antigen-antibody reactions.
Immune-mediated hemolytic reactions caused by IgG, Rh, Kell, Duffy, or other non-ABO antibodies typically result in extravascular sequestration, shortened survival of transfused red cells, and relatively mild clinical reactions. Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions due to immune hemolysis may occur in patients who have no antibodies detectable ...
Among these, a potentially life-threatening reaction is known as a hemolytic transfusion reaction. This is an immune mediated reaction where recipient antibodies attack donor red blood cell antigen(s), causing hemolysis of donor cells. The reaction may occur during, immediately after, or up to 28 days later.
[3] An example of complement dependent type II hypersensitivity is an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction following transfusion of ABO incompatible blood. [4] Preformed antibody (predominantly IgM) against donor red cell antigens not found in an individual of a particular blood group (e.g. anti-A IgM in an individual with blood group B), bind to the donor red cell surface and lead to rapid ...
In transfusion medicine, transfusion-associated circulatory overload (aka TACO) is a transfusion reaction (an adverse effect of blood transfusion) resulting in signs or symptoms of excess fluid in the circulatory system (hypervolemia) within 12 hours after transfusion. [2]