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SPB Software, a division of Yandex, is a Russian IT company which operates the largest search engine in Russia. In November 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek reported that Yandex acquired SPB Software after its own initial public offering [ 1 ] debuted on the NASDAQ as the fourth largest IPO of 2011. [ 2 ]
Evolution of the brain from ape to man. The evolution of the brain refers to the progressive development and complexity of neural structures over millions of years, resulting in the diverse range of brain sizes and functions observed across different species today, particularly in vertebrates.
The "paleomammalian" trait of parental care of offspring is widespread in birds and occurs in some fishes as well. Thus, like the basal ganglia, the evolution of these systems presumably dates to a common vertebrate ancestor. [10] [13] The ratio of the brain mass devoted to the pallium increase in parallel in various vertebrates' taxa [14]
Studies of the brain began during ancient Egyptian times but studies in the field of evolutionary neuroscience began after the publication of Darwin's On the Origin of Species in 1859. At that time, brain evolution was largely viewed at the time in relation to the incorrect scala naturae. Phylogeny and the evolution of the brain were still ...
Researchers unearthed the skull of a previously unknown starling-sized bird species named Navaornis hestiae that was so well preserved they were able to digitally reconstruct its brain and inner ...
This approach showed that 86 per cent of the genes were expressed, and that 90 per cent of these were differentially regulated at the whole-transcript or exon level across brain regions and/or time. The majority of these spatio-temporal differences were detected before birth, with subsequent increases in similarity among regional transcriptomes.
The expensive tissue hypothesis (ETH) relates brain and gut size in evolution (specifically in human evolution).It suggests that in order for an organism to evolve a large brain without a significant increase in basal metabolic rate (as seen in humans), the organism must use less energy on other expensive tissues; the paper introducing the ETH suggests that in humans, this was achieved by ...
Human brain evolution involves cellular, genetic, and circuitry changes. [119] On a genetic level, humans have a modified FOXP2 gene, which is associated with speech and language development. [120] The human variant of the gene SRGAP2, SRGAP2C, enables greater dendritic spine density which fosters greater neural connections. [121]