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A 2011 autopsy-based study found that sudden death was attributed to a cardiac condition in 79.3% of cases, and was unexplained in 20.7%. [ 3 ] In the Philippines, sudden adult death syndrome (or in their term, bangungot ) is mainly caused by the Brugada syndrome.
Based on death certificates, sudden cardiac death accounts for about 20% of all deaths in the United States. [ 152 ] [ 153 ] In the United States, approximately 326,000 cases of out-of-hospital and 209,000 cases of IHCA occur among adults annually, which works out to be an incidence of approximately 110.8 per 100,000 adults per year.
Sudden cardiac death is the cause of about half of deaths due to cardiovascular disease and about 15% of all deaths globally. [12] About 80% of sudden cardiac death is the result of ventricular arrhythmias. [12] Arrhythmias may occur at any age but are more common among older people. [4]
The arrhythmias seen in CPVT typically occur during exercise or at times of emotional stress, and classically take the form of bidirectional ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Those affected may be asymptomatic, but they may also experience blackouts or even sudden cardiac death.
The most common cause of cardiac syncope is cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) wherein the heart beats too slowly, too rapidly, or too irregularly to pump enough blood to the brain. [9] Some arrhythmias can be life-threatening. [9] Two major groups of arrhythmias are bradycardia and tachycardia. Bradycardia can be caused by heart blocks.
Bradycardia arrhythmia may have many causes, both cardiac and non-cardiac. Non-cardiac causes are usually secondary and can involve recreational drug use or abuse , metabolic or endocrine issues, especially hypothyroidism , an electrolyte imbalance , neurological factors, autonomic reflexes , situational factors, such as prolonged bed rest ...
Although many of those with Brugada syndrome do not have any symptoms, Brugada syndrome may cause fainting or sudden cardiac death due to serious abnormal heart rhythms, such as ventricular fibrillation or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. [9] Blackouts may be caused by brief abnormal heart rhythms that revert to a normal rhythm spontaneously.
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome (JLNS) is a rare type of long QT syndrome associated with severe, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. [2] Those with JLNS are at risk of abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias, which can lead to fainting, seizures, or sudden death.
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