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Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is a condition in humans caused by the migratory larvae of certain nematodes, humans being a dead-end host, and was first reported in 1952. [1] Nematodes causing such zoonotic infections are Baylisascaris procyonis , [ 2 ] Toxocara canis , [ 3 ] Toxocara cati , [ 3 ] and Ascaris suum . [ 4 ]
[1] [2] Patients observe these symptoms and seek medical advice from healthcare professionals. Because most people are not diagnostically trained or knowledgeable, they typically describe their symptoms in layman's terms, rather than using specific medical terminology. This list is not exhaustive.
Signs and symptoms include fever, weight loss, fatigue, anemia, and substantial swelling of the liver and spleen. Of particular concern, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is the emerging problem of HIV /VL co-infection.
Infection in humans follows ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked infected intermediate hosts. [15] The ingested third stage larva migrates from the gastric wall and its migration results in the symptoms associated with infection by gnathostomiasis. [3]
The symptoms of leishmaniasis are skin sores which erupt weeks to months after the person is bitten by infected sand flies. Leishmaniasis may be divided into the following types: [ 15 ] Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form, which causes an open sore at each bite site, which heals in a few months to a year and half, leaving an ...
Cutaneous larva migrans (abbreviated CLM) is a skin disease in humans, caused by the larvae of various nematode parasites of the hookworm family (Ancylostomatidae).The parasites live in the intestines of dogs, cats, and wild animals; they should not be confused with other members of the hookworm family for which humans are definitive hosts, namely Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus.
Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a tick-borne disease caused by species of Borrelia bacteria, transmitted by blood-feeding ticks in the genus Ixodes. [4] [9] [10] The most common sign of infection is an expanding red rash, known as erythema migrans (EM), which appears at the site of the tick bite about a week afterwards. [1]
Toxocariasis is an illness of humans caused by the dog roundworm (Toxocara canis) and, less frequently, the cat roundworm (Toxocara cati). [1] These are the most common intestinal roundworms of dogs, coyotes, wolves and foxes and domestic cats, respectively. [2] Humans are among the many "accidental" or paratenic hosts of these roundworms. [3]