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Board of Education v. Earls, 536 U.S. 822 (2002), was a case by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held, 5–4, that it does not violate the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution for public schools to conduct mandatory drug testing on students participating in extracurricular activities.
The policy extended to off-campus and after-school conduct, but the controversy reached the general efficacy and constitutionality of drug testing policies. [ 7 ] Opposing the policy were local student groups and the local Oregon American Civil Liberties Union , which had advocated on behalf of various students expelled by the Ashland School ...
The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. Abuse of the drug or other substances may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.
Drug-testing a blood sample measures whether or not a drug or a metabolite is in the body at a particular time. These types of tests are considered to be the most accurate way of telling if a person is intoxicated. Blood drug tests are not used very often because they need specialized equipment and medically trained administrators.
A Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) is a law enforcement officer trained in a scientifically validated method to identify people whose driving is impaired by drugs other than, or in addition to, alcohol. All DREs follow the same 12 step procedure called a Drug Influence Evaluation (DIE), to purportedly determine which category of drugs is causing ...
The Mistral Group is an informal group of independent separate companies, Mistral Inc., Mistral Security Inc., Mistral Detection Ltd., Karil International Marketing Ltd., and Karil Protective Systems Ltd., with units covering industrial and defense; security, law enforcement and public safety; and international marketing.
On Dec. 29, 2022 – nearly a year after fleeing -- U.S. Marshals along with the Sabine County Sheriff's Office and Texas Parks and Wildlife Game Wardens, found and arrested Matthew Edgar ...
A 2000 study by the US NIST [6] examined 12 chemical spot tests and concluded that all the tests examined "may indicate a specific drug or class of drugs is in the sample, but the tests are not always specific for a single drug or [class]". The study also noted that "mace, nutmeg and tea reacted with the modified Duquenois–Levine [test]".