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This power had been exercised by States for decades, and regional and national parties almost unanimously demanded an amendment to restore the power. In August 2021, over just 3 days, the Bill was introduced and passed by both Houses of Parliament. [2] The 105th Constitutional Amendment Act received Presidential Assent on 18 August.
Union of India 1980 SCC (3) 625, quashed the amendments to Articles 31C and 368 as it was in contravention with the basic structure of the Constitution. 43rd: Amend articles 145, 226, 228 and 366. Remove articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A. [51] 13 April 1978 Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country.
The Ninety-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Ninety-fifth Amendment) Act, 2009, extended the period of reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and representation of the Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies for another ten years, i.e. up to 26 January 2020.
The 71st Amendment, enacted in 1992, added three more languages: Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali. In 2003, the 92nd Amendment added Bodo, Dogri, Santhali and Maithali, raising the total number of languages to 22. [5] In 2011, the spelling Oriya was changed to Odia by 96th amendment. [6]
Constitution (Amendment) Bill about Voter's right to recall elected representatives was introduced in Lok Sabha by C. K. Chandrappan in 1974 and Atal Bihari Vajpayee had supported this but the bill did not pass. [23] [24] This Right has been opposed by Election Commission of India and debated and highlighted in Indian politics. [25] [26] [27] [28]
The bill of Constitution (One Hundred and Third Amendment) Act, 2019 was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 8 January 2019 as the Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Amendment) Bill, 2019. It was introduced by Thawar Chand Gehlot, Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment. The bill sought to amend Articles 15 and 16 of the constitution. [5]
The Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, popularly known as the Women's Reservation Bill, 2023 (ISO 15919: Nārī Śakti Vandan Adhiniyam), was introduced in Lok Sabha on 19 September 2023 during the special session of Parliament. [3]
The act was enforced in India from 20 January 2006, after it was passed by the Parliament of India and received presidential assent. After passage of the Amendment act, the Parliament passed the Central Educational Institutions(CEIs) (Reservation in Admission) Act, 2006 [2] [a]. This led to 2006 Indian anti-reservation protests.