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In nuclear physics, atomic physics, and nuclear chemistry, the nuclear shell model utilizes the Pauli exclusion principle to model the structure of atomic nuclei in terms of energy levels. [1] The first shell model was proposed by Dmitri Ivanenko (together with E. Gapon) in 1932.
The nuclear shell model is a model of the atomic nucleus. It uses the Pauli exclusion principle to explain the nucleus structure in terms of energy levels. Understand the Shell Model of an Atom with examples, explanations, difference and more at BYJU'S.
The simplest of the single particle models is the nuclear shell model. It is based on the observation that the nuclear mass formula, which describes the nuclear masses quite well on average, fails for certain “magic numbers”, i.e., for neutron number \(N=20,28,50,82,126\) and proton number \(Z=20,28,50,82\), as shown previously.
5.2 Shell Model. These magic numbers can be explained in terms of the Shell Model of the nucleus, which considers each nucleon to be moving in some potential and classifies the energy levels in terms of quantum numbers n l j, in the same way as the wavefunctions of individual electrons are classified in Atomic Physics.
shell nuclear model, description of nuclei of atoms by analogy with the Bohr atomic model of electron energy levels. It was developed independently in the late 1940s by the American physicist Maria Goeppert Mayer and the German physicist J. Hans D. Jensen, who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1963 for their work.
Nuclear Potential and the Shell Model. The shell model of the nucleus presumes that a given nucleon moves in an effective attractive potential formed by all the other nucleons.
One of the most successful and simple to understand is the shell model. In this model the protons and neutrons occupy separate systems of shells, analogous to the shells in which electrons are found outside the nucleus.
Binding Energy for the Last Neutron as Evidence of Shell Structure. Part of the motivation for the shell model of nuclear structure is the existance of "magic numbers" of neutrons and protons at which the nuclei have exceptional stability, implying some kind of "closed shell".
The shell model describes how much energy is required to move nucleons from one orbit to another and how the quantum numbers change. The figure above shows an energy diagram of the two filled shells of the ground state of 12 C. Promotion of a nucleon or a pair of nucleons to an unfilled shell puts the nucleus into one of the excited states.
So in this video, we'll talk about the nuclear shell model. We've already seen an interesting empirical model to describe nuclear binding energies-- the liquid drop model.