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Risk factors that can promote the development of TACO include conditions that predispose individuals to excess fluid in the circulatory system (liver failure causing low levels of protein in the blood (hypoalbuminemia), [5] heart failure, [6] [7] renal insufficiency, [6] [7] or nephrotic syndrome [7]), conditions that place increased stress on ...
It is often impossible to distinguish TRALI from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The typical presentation of TRALI is the sudden development of shortness of breath, severe hypoxemia (O 2 saturation <90% in room air), low blood pressure, and fever that develop within 6 hours after transfusion and usually resolve with supportive care within 48 to 96 hours.
Flash pulmonary edema is a clinical syndrome that begins suddenly and accelerates rapidly. Essentially all patients will present to the emergency department by ambulance. The initiating acute event often a vascular event such as intense vasoconstriction and not a cardiac event such as myocardial infarction.
Alcohol excess appears to increase the risk of ARDS. [47] Diabetes was originally thought to decrease the risk of ARDS, but this has shown to be due to an increase in the risk of pulmonary edema. [48] [49] Elevated abdominal pressure of any cause is also probably a risk factor for the development of ARDS, particularly during mechanical ventilation.
Flash Pulmonary Edema or Crash Pulmonary Edema is a clinical characterization of acute heart failure with a dramatic presentation. [4] It is an acute cardiac disease precipitated by cardiac events and usually associated with severe hypertension.
Intravascular fluid overload leads to polyuria and can cause flash pulmonary edema and cardiac arrest, with possibly fatal consequences. [4] [5] Death from SCLS typically occurs during this recruitment phase because of pulmonary edema arising from excessive intravenous fluid administration during the earlier leak phase.
The time depends on pulse rate, pulmonary function, RBC count, and other metabolic factors. Lidocaine can be given in 1.5 mg/kg IV a few minutes before sedation and paralysis. The purpose of administering lidocaine is to blunt the sympathetic response of an increased heart rate, blood pressure, and intracranial pressure caused by laryngoscopy.
Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a mean PAP of at least 20 mm Hg (3300 Pa) at rest, and PAH is defined as precapillary pulmonary hypertension (i.e. mean PAP ≥ 20 mm Hg with pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure [PAOP] ≤ 15 mm Hg and pulmonary vascular resistance [PVR] > 3 Wood Units). [58]