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Most CFLs contain 3–5 mg per bulb, with the bulbs labeled "eco-friendly" containing as little as 1 mg. [81] [82] Because mercury is poisonous, even these small amounts are a concern for landfills and waste incinerators where the mercury from lamps may be released and contribute to air and water pollution.
An open (single envelope) CFL [12] An encapsulated/closed (double envelope) CFL. Some fluorescent lamps emit ultraviolet radiation. [citation needed] The Health Protection Agency of the United Kingdom has conducted research concluding that exposure to open (single envelope) compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) for over 1 hour per day at a distance of less than 30 cm can exceed guideline levels as ...
CFLs, like all fluorescent lamps, contain small amounts of mercury, as both vapor and droplets inside the glass tubing, averaging 4.0 mg per bulb. [148] The inclusion of liquid mercury is specifically prohibited from other domestic products in some jurisdictions, notably Europe.
The performance of fluorescent lamps is critically affected by the temperature of the bulb wall and its effect on the partial pressure of the mercury vapor within. [33] Since mercury condenses at the coolest spot in the lamp, careful design is required to maintain that spot at the optimum temperature, around 40 °C (104 °F).
A 175-watt mercury-vapor light approximately 15 seconds after starting. A closeup of a 175-W mercury-vapor lamp. The small diagonal cylinder at the bottom of the arc tube is a resistor which supplies current to the starter electrode. A mercury-vapor lamp is a gas-discharge lamp that uses an electric arc through vaporized mercury to produce ...
CFLs that use 25 to 40 watts of electricity will have total mercury content capped at 6 mg per unit." [6] Only a few tenths of a milligram of mercury are required to maintain the vapor, but lamps must include more mercury to compensate for the mercury absorbed by internal parts of the lamp, which is no longer available to maintain the arc.
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