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2. Mineral - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral

   In rocks, some mineral species and groups are much more abundant than others; these are termed the rock-forming minerals. The major examples of these are quartz, the feldspars, the micas, the amphiboles, the pyroxenes, the olivines, and calcite; except for the last one, all of these minerals are silicates. [39]

3. List of minerals - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals

   Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species. Within a mineral species there may be variation in physical properties or minor amounts of impurities that are recognized by mineralogists or wider society as a mineral variety. Mineral variety names are listed after the valid minerals for each letter.

4. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

   Most rocks contain silicate minerals, compounds that include silica tetrahedra in their crystal lattice, and account for about one-third of all known mineral species and about 95% of the earth's crust. [6] The proportion of silica in rocks and minerals is a major factor in determining their names and properties. [7]

5. List of rock types - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_types

   Phosphorite – Sedimentary rock containing large amounts of phosphate minerals – A non-detrital sedimentary rock that contains high amounts of phosphate minerals; Sandstone – Type of sedimentary rock; Shale – Fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock; Siltstone – Sedimentary rock which has a grain size in the silt range

6. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

   Some minerals made into gemstones may display a chatoyancy or cat's eye effect, ... Rock crystal (var.) Shocked quartz (var.) Smoky quartz (var.) Quartzite; R–Z.

7. Mineralogy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogy

   Mineralogy applies principles of chemistry, geology, physics and materials science to the study of minerals. Mineralogy [n 1] is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts.