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  2. Clonus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonus

    Balance is a partly involuntary and unconscious business, dependent on "spinal reflexes." When provided with appropriate context, these reflexes go into oscillation that is called "clonus," a phenomenon that is familiar to everybody and which is easily produced. (While sitting, place the leg with thigh horizontal and foot supported on the floor.

  3. Patellar reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patellar_reflex

    The patellar reflex, also called the knee reflex or knee-jerk, is a stretch reflex which tests the L2, L3, and L4 segments of the spinal cord. Many animals, most significantly humans, have been seen to have the patellar reflex, including dogs, cats, horses, and other mammalian species.

  4. Jendrassik maneuver - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jendrassik_maneuver

    The Jendrassik maneuver to reinforce knee-jerk. The Jendrassik maneuver is a medical maneuver wherein the patient clenches the teeth, flexes both sets of fingers into a hook-like form, and interlocks those sets of fingers together. The tendon below the patient's knee is then hit with a reflex hammer to elicit the patellar reflex. The elicited ...

  5. Stretch reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stretch_reflex

    The patellar reflex (knee jerk) is an example of the stretch reflex and it is used to determine the sensitivity of the stretch reflex. Reflexes can be tested as part of a neurological examination, often if there is an injury to the central nervous system. To test the reflex, the muscle should be in a neutral position.

  6. Hypermagnesemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermagnesemia

    As a consequence, the treatment of this electrolyte disorder can frequently require intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Particular clinical conditions require a specific approach. For instance, during the management of eclampsia , the magnesium infusion is stopped if urine output drops to less than 80 mL (in 4 hours), deep tendon reflexes are ...

  7. Westphal's sign - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westphal's_sign

    Westphal's sign is the clinical correlate of the absence or decrease of patellar reflex or knee jerk. Patellar reflex or knee jerk is a kind of deep or stretch reflex where an application of a stimulus to the patellar tendon such as strike by a solid object or hammer caused the leg to extend due to such stimulus causes the quadriceps femoris muscle to contract.

  8. Eclampsia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclampsia

    Eclampsia is the onset of seizures (convulsions) in a woman with pre-eclampsia. [1] Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that presents with three main features: new onset of high blood pressure, large amounts of protein in the urine or other organ dysfunction, and edema.

  9. Pre-eclampsia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-eclampsia

    Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder specific to pregnancy, characterized by the new onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine or by the new onset of high blood pressure along with significant end-organ damage, with or without the proteinuria.