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The Abbe number is a measure of the dispersion of a transparent material, with high values indicating low dispersion. It is used in lens design and classification of glasses, and can be calculated from the refractive indices at different wavelengths.
Learn about the diffraction limit of optical instruments, such as microscopes, telescopes, and cameras, and how it depends on wavelength, aperture, and numerical aperture. Find out the formula for the Abbe diffraction limit and its applications in astronomy, laser, and digital photography.
When the imaging system obeys the Abbe sine condition, the ratio of the sines of these angles equal the (lateral absolute) magnification of the system. In optics , the Abbe sine condition is a condition that must be fulfilled by a lens or other optical system in order for it to produce sharp images of off-axis as well as on-axis objects.
Chromatic aberration, also called chromatic distortion, is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point. It is caused by dispersion, the variation of refractive index with wavelength, and can be reduced by using achromatic lenses, diffractive elements, or increasing focal length.
A condenser is an optical lens that renders a divergent light beam from a point light source into a parallel or converging beam. The Abbe condenser is named for its inventor Ernst Abbe and is mounted below the stage of the microscope. Learn about other types of condensers and their applications.
Learn about the history, theory and modes of operation of NSOM, a technique for nanostructure investigation that breaks the far field resolution limit. NSOM uses evanescent waves and apertures or sharp tips to scan the sample at a sub-wavelength scale.
Lateral resolution is the ability of an imaging system to resolve detail in the object that is being imaged. It depends on the wavelength of light, the index of refraction, the numerical aperture, and the distance between two distinguishable points.
STED microscopy is a super-resolution technique that uses stimulated emission depletion to improve resolution beyond the diffraction limit of light. It differs from confocal microscopy by selectively deactivating fluorophores with a high intensity laser, creating a doughnut-shaped de-excitation spot.
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