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The inventions and innovations of the people of ancient India include many aspects of modern life taken for granted today including the flush toilet, drainage and sewer systems, public pools, mathematics, veterinary science, plastic surgery, board games, yoga and meditation, as well as many more.
The timeline chart provides a comprehensive overview of the key developments in Indian ancient history, including major political and cultural milestones such as the establishment of the Maurya and Gupta empires, the spread of Buddhism, and the influence of the Vedic period.
The early modern period of Indian history is dated from 1526 to 1858, corresponding to the rise and fall of the Mughal Empire, which inherited from the Timurid Renaissance. During this age India's economy expanded, relative peace was maintained and arts were patronised.
The Indus civilization was the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent—one of the world’s three earliest civilizations, along with Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt.
India - Ancient History, Culture, Religion: The European scholars who reconstructed early Indian history in the 19th century regarded it as essentially static and Indian society as concerned only with things spiritual.
India has been home to major civilizations since around 2600 B.C.E. Examples include the Indus Valley civilization, the Vedic Age, the Mauryan Empire, and the Gupta Empire. All of these civilizations contributed and utilized many advancements in the worlds of science, technology, art, and culture.
The earliest periods of Indian history are known only through reconstructions from archaeological evidence. Since the late 20th century, much new data has emerged, allowing a far fuller reconstruction than was formerly possible.