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Pons. The pons (from Latin pons, "bridge") is part of the brainstem that in humans and other mammals, lies inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata and anterior to the cerebellum. The pons is also called the pons Varolii ("bridge of Varolius"), after the Italian anatomist and surgeon Costanzo Varolio (1543–75). [1]
Dreams and reports of dreams are produced in distinct states of consciousness resulting in a delay between the dream event and its recall while awake. During this time lag forgetting may occur resulting in an incomplete report. Forgetting is proportional to the amount of time elapsed between the experience and its recall. [2]
Activation-synthesis hypothesis. The activation-synthesis hypothesis, proposed by Harvard University psychiatrists John Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley, is a neurobiological theory of dreams first published in the American Journal of Psychiatry in December 1977. The differences in neuronal activity of the brainstem during waking and REM sleep ...
The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior stalk-like part of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. [ 1 ] In the human brain the brainstem is composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. [ 1 ] The midbrain is continuous with the thalamus of the diencephalon through the tentorial notch, and sometimes ...
The limbic system, also known as the paleomammalian cortex, is a set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, immediately beneath the medial temporal lobe of the cerebrum primarily in the forebrain. [ 1 ] Its various components support a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, long-term memory, and olfaction. [ 2 ]
The reticular formation is a set of interconnected nuclei in the brainstem that spans from the lower end of the medulla oblongata to the upper end of the midbrain. [ 2 ] The neurons of the reticular formation make up a complex set of neural networks in the core of the brainstem. [ 3 ] The reticular formation is made up of a diffuse net-like ...
The lateralization of brain function (or hemispheric dominance[ 1 ][ 2 ] / lateralization [ 3 ][ 4 ]) is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other. The median longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus ...
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the rostral -most portion of the brainstem [ 2 ] connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. [ 3 ] It consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum. It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.