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A branched nonylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, is the most widely produced and marketed nonylphenol. [12] The mixture of nonylphenol isomers is a pale yellow liquid, although the pure compounds are colorless. The nonylphenols are moderately soluble in water [12] but soluble in alcohol.
Nonoxynols. Nonoxynols also known as nonaethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol nonyl phenyl ether are mixtures of nonionic surfactants used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents or defoaming agents. The most commonly discussed compound nonoxynol-9 is a spermicide, formulated primarily as a component of vaginal foams and creams.
Ethoxylation. In organic chemistry, ethoxylation is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide (C2H4O) adds to a substrate. It is the most widely practiced alkoxylation, which involves the addition of epoxides to substrates. In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R (OC2H4)nOH, where n ranges from 1 to 10.
NP-40 (also known as Tergitol-type NP-40 and nonyl phenoxypolyethoxylethanol [1]) is a commercially available detergent with CAS Registry Number 9016-45-9. NP-40 is an ethoxylated nonylphenol for non-ionic surfactants and can act as emulsifier and demulsifier agent. NP-40 is often used to break open all membranes within a cell, including the ...
Alkylphenol. Alkylphenols are a family of organic compounds obtained by the alkylation of phenols. The term is usually reserved for commercially important propylphenol, butylphenol, amylphenol, heptylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol and related "long chain alkylphenols" (LCAPs). Methylphenols and ethylphenols are also ...
The word "surfactant" is a blendof surface-active agent,[1]coined in 1950 .[2] As they consist of a water-repellent and a water-attracting part, they enable water and oil to mix; they can form foam and facilitate the detachment of dirt. Surfactants are among the most widespread and commercially important chemicals.
Triton X-100 (C. 14H. 22O (C. 2H. 4O)n) is a nonionic surfactant that has a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide chain (on average it has 9.5 ethylene oxide units) and an aromatic hydrocarbon lipophilic or hydrophobic group. The hydrocarbon group is a 4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)- phenyl group. Triton X-100 is closely related to IGEPAL CA-630, which ...
He investigates their sources, occurrence and fate. In 1984, he discovered that in wastewater treatment plants nonylphenol ethoxylates are transformed to 4-nonylphenols, which are toxic to aquatic life. [2] After several additional studies the use of nonylphenols and nonylphenol ethoxylates was restricted in the European Union in 2003. [3]