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The perfume references are part of a larger text called Brihat-Samhita written by Varāhamihira, an Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer living in the city of Ujjain. He was one of the ‘nine jewels’ in the court of Vikramaditya. The perfume portion mainly deals with the manufacture of perfumes to benefit ‘royal personages’.
The word perfume is derived from the Latin perfumare, meaning "to smoke through". [3] Perfumery, as the art of making perfumes, began in ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley civilization and possibly Ancient China. [4] It was further refined by the Romans and the Muslims. [citation needed]
The word 'attar' is believed to have been derived from the Persian word itir, [3] which is in turn derived from the Arabic word 'itr (عطر), meaning 'perfume'. [4] [5]The earliest recorded mention of the techniques and methods used to produce essential oils is believed to be that of Ibn al-Baitar (1188–1248), an Al-Andalusian (Muslim Iberia) physician, pharmacist and chemist.
Fame: The First Ever Black Eau de Perfume: Lady Gaga (see List of celebrity-branded perfumes) 2012 Elixir: Shakira (see List of celebrity-branded perfumes) Puig: 2012 Florentine Iris Essenze: Ermenegildo Zegna: 2012 Grenada: Oscar de la Renta [75] 2012 Jeunesse: Robert Piguet: Aurelien Guichard: 2012 Michael Kors Suede: Michael Kors: 2012 Mi ...
The original Eau de Cologne is a spirit-citrus perfume launched in Cologne in 1709 by Giovanni Maria Farina (1685–1766), an Italian perfume maker from Santa Maria Maggiore, Valle Vigezzo. In 1708, Farina wrote to his brother Jean Baptiste: "I have found a fragrance that reminds me of an Italian spring morning, of mountain daffodils and orange ...
The substance has been used as a popular perfume fixative since ancient times and is one of the most expensive animal products in the world. The name originates from the Late Greek μόσχος 'moskhos', from Persian mushk and Sanskrit मुष्क muṣka (lit. ' testicle ') [3] derived from Proto-Indo-European noun múh₂s meaning "mouse".
Eau de toilette (French: [o d(ə) twalɛt], meaning "grooming water") [n 1] is a lightly scented perfume. [2] It is also referred to as aromatic waters and has a high alcohol content. [ 3 ] It is usually applied directly to the skin after bathing or shaving. [ 4 ]
The scent formula for the fragrance was compounded by French-Russian chemist and perfumer Ernest Beaux. The design of its bottle has been an important part of the product's branding. Coco Chanel was the first face of the fragrance, appearing in the advertisement published by Harper's Bazaar in 1937. [1]