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Renal glucose reabsorption is the part of kidney (renal) physiology that deals with the retrieval of filtered glucose, preventing it from disappearing from the body through the urine. If glucose is not reabsorbed by the kidney, it appears in the urine, in a condition known as glycosuria. This is associated with diabetes mellitus. [1]
Glycosuria is nearly always caused by an elevated blood sugar level, most commonly due to untreated diabetes. Rarely, glycosuria is due to an intrinsic problem with glucose reabsorption within the kidneys (such as Fanconi syndrome ), producing a condition termed renal glycosuria . [ 1 ]
For example, with glucose, some sugar appears in the urine at levels much lower than 300 mg/dL. [2] The point at which the effects start to appear is called " threshold ", and the difference between threshold and transport maximum is called " splay ".
Its mechanism is exploited in glucose rehydration therapy [32] This mechanism uses the absorption of sugar through the walls of the intestine to pull water in along with it. [32] Defects in SGLT2 prevent effective reabsorption of glucose, causing familial renal glucosuria. [33]
It acts via selective and potent inhibition of SGLT-2, and its activity is based on each patient's underlying blood sugar control and kidney function. The results are decreased kidney reabsorption of glucose, glucosuria effect increases with higher level of glucose in the blood circulation.
Metformin: Metformin is primarily used to improve blood sugar regulation in type 2 diabetes, but it may also support weight loss by decreasing appetite and reducing the absorption of glucose from ...
In August 1960, in Prague, Robert K. Crane presented for the first time his discovery of the sodium-glucose cotransport as the mechanism for intestinal glucose absorption. [17] Crane's discovery of cotransport was the first-ever proposal of flux coupling in biology. [18] [19]
In renal physiology, reabsorption, more specifically tubular reabsorption, is the process by which the nephron removes water and solutes from the tubular fluid (pre-urine) and returns them to the circulating blood. [1] It is called reabsorption (and not absorption) because these substances have already been absorbed once (particularly in the ...