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Animal agriculture worldwide encompasses 83% of farmland (but only accounts for 18% of the global calorie intake), and the direct consumption of animals as well as over-harvesting them is causing environmental degradation through habitat alteration, biodiversity loss, climate change, pollution, and trophic interactions. [174]
One paper estimated that if global warming reaches 2.5 °C (4.5 °F), then the cost of rearing broilers in Brazil increases by 35.8% at the least modernized farms and by 42.3% at farms with the medium level of technology used in livestock housing, while they increase the least at farms with the most advanced cooling technologies.
The report concluded that global warming of 2 °C (3.6 °F) over the preindustrial levels would threaten an estimated 5% of all the Earth's species with extinction even in the absence of the other four factors, while if the warming reached 4.3 °C (7.7 °F), 16% of the Earth's species would be threatened with extinction.
Changes to a diet less reliant on animal products such as plant-based diets are also effective. [83]: XXV With 21% of global methane emissions, cattle are a major driver of global warming. [84]: 6 When rainforests are cut and the land is converted for grazing, the impact is even higher.
A catt of the Bakhtiari people, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran Global map of pastoralism, its origins and historical development [1]. Pastoralism is a form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals (known as "livestock") are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds. [2]
Methane is a strong greenhouse gas with a global warming potential of 86 compared to CO 2 over a 20-year period. [42] [43] As a by-product of consuming cellulose, cattle belch out methane, there-by returning that carbon sequestered by plants back into the atmosphere. After about 10 to 12 years, that methane is broken down and converted back to ...
Four-fifths of agricultural emissions arise from the livestock sector. [10]According to the 2006 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) report Livestock's Long Shadow, animal agriculture contributes on a "massive scale" to global warming, air pollution, land degradation, energy use, deforestation, and biodiversity decline. [11]
With 2 °C warming, global livestock headcounts could decline by 7–10% by 2050, as less animal feed will be available. [247] If the emissions continue to increase for the rest of century, then over 9 million climate-related deaths would occur annually by 2100.