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The Cauchy product may apply to infinite series [1] [2] or power series. [3] [4] When people apply it to finite sequences [5] or finite series, that can be seen merely as a particular case of a product of series with a finite number of non-zero coefficients (see discrete convolution). Convergence issues are discussed in the next section.
When the sequences are the coefficients of two polynomials, then the coefficients of the ordinary product of the two polynomials are the convolution of the original two sequences. This is known as the Cauchy product of the coefficients of the sequences.
The Cauchy product of two infinite series is defined even when both of them are divergent. In the case where a n = b n = (−1) n, ...
In mathematics, a series is, roughly speaking, an addition of infinitely many terms, one after the other. [1] The study of series is a major part of calculus and its generalization, mathematical analysis. Series are used in most areas of mathematics, even for studying finite structures in combinatorics through generating functions.
The proof is the same as for complex-valued series: use the completeness to derive the Cauchy criterion for convergence—a series is convergent if and only if its tails can be made arbitrarily small in norm—and apply the triangle inequality. In particular, for series with values in any Banach space, absolute convergence implies convergence ...
where , is the inner product.Examples of inner products include the real and complex dot product; see the examples in inner product.Every inner product gives rise to a Euclidean norm, called the canonical or induced norm, where the norm of a vector is denoted and defined by ‖ ‖:= , , where , is always a non-negative real number (even if the inner product is complex-valued).
In mathematics, the root test is a criterion for the convergence (a convergence test) of an infinite series.It depends on the quantity | |, where are the terms of the series, and states that the series converges absolutely if this quantity is less than one, but diverges if it is greater than one.
The determinant of a square Cauchy matrix A is known as a Cauchy determinant and can be given explicitly as = ...