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Dysfunctional meibomian glands often cause dry eyes, one of the more common eye conditions. They may also contribute to blepharitis. Inflammation of the meibomian glands (also known as meibomitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, or posterior blepharitis) causes the glands to be obstructed by thick, cloudy-to-yellow, more opaque and viscous-like ...
Each MHC molecule on the cell surface displays a small peptide (a molecular fraction of a protein) called an epitope. [3] The presented self-antigens prevent an organism's immune system from targeting its own cells. The presentation of pathogen-derived proteins results in the elimination of the infected cell by the immune system.
The glands of Zeis service the eyelash. These glands produce an oily substance that is issued through the excretory ducts of the sebaceous lobule into the middle portion of the hair follicle . In the same area of the eyelid, near the base of the eyelashes are apocrine glands called the " glands of Moll ".
The periocular region, which includes the meibomian, Zeis, and sebaceous glands of the caruncle and eyelid, is the most common site accounting for up to 75% of SGc. [6] Meibomian glands are a type of sebaceous gland that lines the upper and lower eyelids and do not contain a follicle. The glands of Zeis contain the individual eyelash.
A chalazion may occur following a stye or from hardened oils blocking the gland. [2] The blocked gland is usually the meibomian gland, but can also be the gland of Zeis. [8] A stye and cellulitis may appear similar. [2] A stye, however, is usually more sudden in onset, painful, and occurs at the edge of the eyelid. [2] Cellulitis is also ...
The innate immune system or nonspecific immune system [1] is one of the two main immunity strategies in vertebrates (the other being the adaptive immune system). The innate immune system is an alternate defense strategy and is the dominant immune system response found in plants , fungi , prokaryotes , and invertebrates (see Beyond vertebrates ).
The immune network theory is a theory of how the adaptive immune system works, that has been developed since 1974 mainly by Niels Jerne [1] and Geoffrey W. Hoffmann. [2] [3] The theory states that the immune system is an interacting network of lymphocytes and molecules that have variable (V) regions. These V regions bind not only to things that ...
Certain plant pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, secrete small RNAs (sRNAs) into the host cells and downregulate plant proteins involved in the immune response by RNA interference. [11] Effector cells. In immunology, effector cells are cells of either the innate or the adaptive immune system that mediate the immune response. [12]