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Treating solids as mechanically isotropic greatly simplifies analysis of deformation and fracture (as well as of the elastic fields produced by dislocations [8]). However, preferential orientation of grains (called texture) can occur as a result of certain types of deformation and recrystallization processes, which will create anisotropy in ...
In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous solid (or non-crystalline solid) is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is characteristic of a crystal. The terms " glass " and "glassy solid" are sometimes used synonymously with amorphous solid; however, these terms refer specifically to amorphous materials that undergo ...
An amorphous metal (also known as metallic glass, glassy metal, or shiny metal) is a solid metallic material, usually an alloy, with disordered atomic-scale structure. Most metals are crystalline in their solid state, which means they have a highly ordered arrangement of atoms. Amorphous metals are non-crystalline, and have a glass-like structure.
A solid is said to be isotropic if the expansion of solid is equal in all directions when thermal energy is provided to the solid. Electromagnetics An isotropic medium is one such that the permittivity, ε, and permeability, μ, of the medium are uniform in all directions of the medium, the simplest instance being free space. Optics
Tungsten is so nearly isotropic at room temperature that it can be considered to have only two stiffness coefficients; aluminium is another metal that is nearly isotropic. For an isotropic material, G = E / [ 2 ( 1 + ν ) ] , {\displaystyle G=E/[2(1+\nu )],} where G {\displaystyle G} is the shear modulus , E {\displaystyle E} is the Young's ...
Amorphous solids are the opposite of crystalline. The atoms or molecules in amorphous substances are arranged randomly without any long-range order. As a result, they do not have a sharp melting point. The phase transition from solid to liquid occurs over a range of temperatures. [citation needed] Some examples include glass, rubber and some ...
The structure of liquids, glasses and other non-crystalline solids is characterized by the absence of long-range order which defines crystalline materials. Liquids and amorphous solids do, however, possess a rich and varied array of short to medium range order, which originates from chemical bonding and related interactions.
Ice has fifteen known crystal structures, or fifteen solid phases, which exist at various temperatures and pressures. [1] Glasses and other non-crystalline, amorphous solids without long-range order are not thermal equilibrium ground states; therefore they are described below as nonclassical states of matter.