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The term psychological refractory period (PRP) refers to the period of time during which the response to a second stimulus is significantly slowed because a first stimulus is still being processed. [1] This delay in response time when one is required to divide attention can exhibit a negative effect that is evident in many fields of study.
Refractory period is a period immediately following a stimulus during which further stimulation has no effect. It may specifically refer to: Refractory period (physiology), recovery time of an excitable membrane to be ready for a second stimulus once it returns to its resting state, following excitation in the areas of biology, physiology and cardiology
Since the 1960s, psychologists have conducted experiments on the nature and limits of human multitasking. The simplest experimental design used to investigate human multitasking is the so-called psychological refractory period effect. Here, people are asked to make separate responses to each of two stimuli presented close together in time.
The use of mental chronometry in psychological research is far ranging, encompassing nomothetic models of information processing in the human auditory and visual systems, as well as differential psychology topics such as the role of individual differences in RT in human cognitive ability, aging, and a variety of clinical and psychiatric ...
Hal Pashler is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at University of California, San Diego.An experimental psychologist and cognitive scientist, Pashler is best known for his studies of human attentional limitations (his analysis of the Psychological refractory period effect concluded that the brain has discrete "processing bottlenecks" associated with specific types of cognitive operations).
Although the refractory period varies widely among individuals, ranging from minutes to days, [4] [5] [6] most men cannot achieve or maintain an erection during this time, and many perceive a psychological feeling of satisfaction and are temporarily uninterested in further sexual activity; the penis may be hypersensitive, and further sexual stimulation may feel painful during this time frame.
For an example of the application of stimulus-onset asynchrony, see psychological refractory period. Figure 1. Time diagram for a trial in a psychological experiment. The stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) between the first presented pattern (S1) and the second stimulus (S2) is manipulated in order to measure an effect on reaction time (RT).
These assumptions are based on numerous facts derived from experiments in cognitive psychology and brain imaging. Like a programming language , ACT-R is a framework: for different tasks (e.g., Tower of Hanoi , memory for text or for list of words, language comprehension, communication, aircraft controlling), researchers create "models" (i.e ...