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Hydrogen technologies are applicable for many uses. Some hydrogen technologies are carbon neutral and could have a role in preventing climate change and a possible future hydrogen economy . Hydrogen is a chemical widely used in various applications including ammonia production, oil refining and energy. [ 1 ]
1625 – First description of hydrogen by Johann Baptista van Helmont. First to use the word "gas". 1650 – Turquet de Mayerne obtains a gas or "inflammable air" by the action of dilute sulphuric acid on iron. 1662 – Boyle's law (gas law relating pressure and volume). 1670 – Robert Boyle produces hydrogen by reacting metals with acid.
Hydrogen is industrially produced from steam reforming (SMR), which uses natural gas. [32] The energy content of the produced hydrogen is around 74% of the energy content of the original fuel, [33] as some energy is lost as excess heat during production. In general, steam reforming emits carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, and is known as gray ...
The concept of a society that uses hydrogen as the primary means of energy storage was theorized by geneticist J. B. S. Haldane in 1923. Anticipating the exhaustion of Britain's coal reserves for power generation, Haldane proposed a network of wind turbines to produce hydrogen and oxygen for long-term energy storage through electrolysis, to help address renewable power's variable output. [15]
Shielding gas: Hydrogen is used as a shielding gas in welding methods such as atomic hydrogen welding. [164] [165] Cryogenic research: Liquid H 2 is used in cryogenic research, including superconductivity studies. [166] Buoyant lifting: Because H 2 is only 7% the density of air, it was once widely used as a lifting gas in balloons and airships ...
Hydrogen is added directly from a cylinder or built in laboratory hydrogen source, and the pressurized slurry is mechanically rocked to provide agitation, or a spinning basket is used. [37] Recent advances in electrolysis technology have led to the development of high pressure hydrogen generators , which generate hydrogen up to 1,400 psi (100 ...
Compressed hydrogen is a storage form whereby hydrogen gas is kept under pressures to increase the storage density. Compressed hydrogen in hydrogen tanks at 350 bar (5,000 psi) and 700 bar (10,000 psi) are used for hydrogen tank systems in vehicles, based on type IV carbon-composite technology.
Arvin Meritor, a Tier 1 supplier of automotive technology, at one time, was experimenting with a plasma reformer technology which would use hydrogen produced from the fuel to enhance engine combustion efficiency and reduce emissions of NO x. [26] This reference states that a 20% to 30% increase in engine thermal efficiency is possible. However ...