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The free radical theory of aging states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time. [1] A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell. [2] While a few free radicals such as melanin are not chemically reactive, most biologically relevant free radicals are highly ...
Molecular contributors to ageing (reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial unfolded protein response, mitochondrial metabolites, damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondrial-derived peptides, mitochondrial membrane) Mitochondria are thought to be organelles that developed from endocytosed bacteria which learned to coexist inside ancient cells.
Mitochondrial ROS can promote cellular senescence and aging phenotypes in the skin of mice. [11] Ordinarily mitochondrial SOD2 protects against mitochondrial ROS. Epidermal cells in mutant mice with a genetic SOD2 deficiency undergo cellular senescence, nuclear DNA damage, and irreversible arrest of proliferation in a portion of their keratinocytes.
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O 2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are hydroperoxide (O 2 H), superoxide (O 2-), [1] hydroxyl radical (OH.), and singlet oxygen. [2] ROS are pervasive because they are readily produced from O 2, which is ...
MMP-1 is a major metalloproteinases for collagen degradation. This entire process is aided by the presence of reactive oxygen species that inhibits protein-tyrosine phosphatases via oxidation, thereby resulting in the up-regulation of the above-mentioned receptors. Another transcription factor NF-κB, which is also activated by UV light, also ...
In that study, researchers found that a higher intake of antioxidants, vitamins, iron-chelating nutrients, and polyunsaturated fatty acids was linked to lower brain iron levels, as well as better ...
E. coli cells have revealed similarities to the aging process of higher organisms. The similarities include increased oxidation of cellular constituents and its target specificity, the role of antioxidants and oxygen tension in determining life span, and an apparent trade-off between activities related to reproduction and survival.
The scale part at the base of the mirror assesses health metrics and biomarkers including blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index, Vo2 Max (the amount of oxygen your body uses during exercise ...