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Zinc nitrate is usually prepared by dissolving zinc metal, zinc oxide, or related materials in nitric acid: Zn + 2 HNO 3 → Zn(NO 3) 2 + H 2 ZnO + 2 HNO 3 → Zn(NO 3) 2 + H 2 O. These reactions are accompanied by the hydration of the zinc nitrate. The anhydrous salt arises by the reaction of anhydrous zinc chloride with nitrogen dioxide: [1]
Zinc is a strong reducing agent with a standard redox potential of −0.76 V. Pure zinc tarnishes rapidly in air, rapidly forming a passive layer. The composition of this layer can be complex, but one constituent is probably basic zinc carbonate, Zn 5 (OH) 6 CO 3. [8] The reaction of zinc with water is slowed by this passive layer.
Commercially available nitric acid is an azeotrope with water at a concentration of 68% HNO 3. This solution has a boiling temperature of 120.5 °C (249 °F) at 1 atm. It is known as "concentrated nitric acid". The azeotrope of nitric acid and water is a colourless liquid at room temperature.
The reaction with hydrochloric acid is an equilibrium reaction that favors formation of tetrachloroaurate(III) anions. This results in a removal of gold ions from solution and allows further oxidation of gold to take place. The gold dissolves to become chloroauric acid. In addition, gold may be dissolved by the chlorine present in aqua regia.
The Bunsen cell generates about 1.9 volts which arises from the following reaction: [1]. Zn + H 2 SO 4 + 2 HNO 3 ⇌ ZnSO 4 + 2 H 2 O + 2 NO 2 (g). According to the reaction above, when 1 mole (or part) each of zinc and sulfuric acid react with 2 moles (or parts) of nitric acid, the resultant products formed are, 1 mole (or part) of zinc sulfate and 2 moles (or parts) each of water and ...
The overall reaction is the reduction of the nitrate ion to nitric oxide by iron(II), which is oxidised to iron(III), followed by the formation of nitrosyl ferrous sulfate between the nitric oxide and the remaining iron(II), where nitric oxide is reduced to NO −. [5] 2HNO 3 + 3H 2 SO 4 + 6FeSO 4 → 3Fe 2 (SO 4) 3 + 2NO + 4H 2 O
It is defined as the energy released with the formation of 1 mole of water. When a reaction is carried out under standard conditions at the temperature of 298 K (25 degrees Celsius) and 1 atm of pressure and one mole of water is formed, the heat released by the reaction is called the standard enthalpy of neutralization (ΔH n ⊖).
The reaction produces a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol via a 1,2-addition. The Barbier reaction is advantageous because it is a one-pot process: the organozinc reagent is generated in the presence of the carbonyl substrate. Organozinc reagents are also less water sensitive, thus this reaction can be conducted in water.