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The neurotransmitters that are released from the axon continue on to stimulate other cells such as other neurons or muscle cells. After an action potential travels down the axon of a neuron, the resting membrane potential of the axon must be restored before another action potential can travel the axon. This is known as the recovery period of ...
Aging sarcopenic muscle shows an accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations, which has been demonstrated in various other cell types as well. [17] Clones with mitochondrial mutations build up in certain regions of the muscle, which goes along with an about fivefold increase in the absolute mtDNA copy number, that is, these regions are denser. [18]
Disuse is a common cause of muscle atrophy and can be local (due to injury or casting) or general (bed-rest). The rate of muscle atrophy from disuse (10–42 days) is approximately 0.5–0.6% of total muscle mass per day although there is considerable variation between people. [5]
Neuromuscular blocking agents exert their effect by modulating the signal transmission in skeletal muscles. An action potential is, in other words, a depolarisation in neurone membrane due to a change in membrane potential greater than the threshold potential leads to an electrical impulse generation. The electrical impulse travels along the ...
Metaplasia refers to the change from a fully differentiated cell type to another. This implies that the cell is able to adapt to environmental stimuli, and that it is possible to reverse embryological commitments in the form of differentiation. [20] The idea of metaplasia depends on the ability for a cell to dedifferentiate. [20]
A labeled diagram of an action potential.As seen above, repolarization takes place just after the peak of the action potential, when K + ions rush out of the cell.. In neuroscience, repolarization refers to the change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential which has changed the membrane potential to a positive value.
Identification, treatment, and research of cachexia have historically been limited by the lack of a widely accepted definition of cachexia. In 2011, an international consensus group adopted a definition of cachexia as "a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (with or without loss of fat mass) that can be partially but not entirely reversed by conventional ...
Calf muscle hypertrophy, abnormal glycogen accumulation within the lysosomes of muscle cells due to impaired glycogenolysis. [61] Macroglossia (enlarged tongue) due to infiltration of fat, or very rarely a benign tumour (pseudohypertrophy). The fatty tissue is seen on MRI as "bright tongue sign." [62] [63] [64]