Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
This added noise obscures the influence of any single individual's data, thereby protecting their privacy while still allowing for meaningful statistical analysis. Common distributions used for noise generation include the Laplace and Gaussian distributions. These mechanisms are particularly useful for functions that output real-valued numbers.
In probability theory and statistical mechanics, the Gaussian free field (GFF) is a Gaussian random field, a central model of random surfaces (random height functions). The discrete version can be defined on any graph, usually a lattice in d-dimensional Euclidean space. The continuum version is defined on R d or on a bounded subdomain of R d.
The central limit theorem of probability theory indicates that the summation of many random processes will tend to have distribution called Gaussian or Normal. AWGN is often used as a channel model in which the only impairment to communication is a linear addition of wideband or white noise with a constant spectral density (expressed as watts ...
An important special case of a GRF is the Gaussian free field. With regard to applications of GRFs, the initial conditions of physical cosmology generated by quantum mechanical fluctuations during cosmic inflation are thought to be a GRF with a nearly scale invariant spectrum.
The gauss is the unit of magnetic flux density B in the system of Gaussian units and is equal to Mx/cm 2 or g/Bi/s 2, while the oersted is the unit of H-field. One tesla (T) corresponds to 10 4 gauss, and one ampere (A) per metre corresponds to 4π × 10 −3 oersted.
In signal processing theory, Gaussian noise, named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, is a kind of signal noise that has a probability density function (pdf) equal to that of the normal distribution (which is also known as the Gaussian distribution). [1] [2] In other words, the values that the noise can take are Gaussian-distributed.
Also, the output moves in an estimate of gradient direction of input. The higher the alpha parameter, the higher is the effect of input x and the less damping is seen. A low value of beta is effective in controlling sudden surges in velocity. Also, as alpha increases beyond unity, the output becomes rougher and more uneven than the input. [3]
If the generator uses 32 bits per output value, the smallest non-zero number that can be generated is . When U 1 {\displaystyle U_{1}} and U 2 {\displaystyle U_{2}} are equal to this the Box–Muller transform produces a normal random deviate equal to δ = − 2 ln ( 2 − 32 ) cos ( 2 π 2 − 32 ) ≈ 6.660 {\textstyle \delta ={\sqrt ...