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Clapperboard. A clapperboard, also known as a dumb slate, clapboard, film clapper, film slate, movie slate, or production slate, is a device used in filmmaking, television production and video production to assist in synchronizing of picture and sound, and to designate and mark the various scenes and takes as they are filmed and audio-recorded.
A storyboard for an animated cartoon, showing the number of drawings (~70) needed for an 8-minute film. A film storyboard (sometimes referred to as a shooting board), is essentially a series of frames, with drawings of the sequence of events in a film, similar to a comic book of the
Ten short episodes of an early black and white animated adaptation of Les Schtroumpfs (1961-1967) by TVA Dupuis used cutout animation for many of its characters. [citation needed] Monty Python's Flying Circus (1969) contained animation sketches with paper cut-out, as animated by Monty Python member Terry Gilliam [16]
An animation with scratched figures and hand-painted sections. Drawn-on-film animation, also known as direct animation or animation without camera, is an animation technique where footage is produced by creating the images directly on film stock, as opposed to any other form of animation where the images or objects are photographed frame by frame with an animation camera.
Scratchboard or scraperboard or scratch art [1] is a form of direct engraving where the artist scratches off dark ink to reveal a white or colored layer beneath. The technique uses sharp knives and tools for engraving into the scratchboard, which is usually cardboard covered in a thin layer of white China clay coated with black India ink .
In order for artwork to appear in film or television, filmmakers must go through a process of acquiring permission from artists, their estates or whoever the owner of the photographic rights may be, lest they become embroiled in a potential lawsuit, such as was the case for Warner Bros. with sculptor Frederick Hart following the reproduction of his piece Ex Nihilo in Devil's Advocate, as well ...
Since the late 1960s, few mainstream films have been shot in black-and-white. The reasons are frequently commercial, as it is difficult to sell a film for television broadcasting if the film is not in color. 1961 was the last year in which the majority of Hollywood films were released in black and white.