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The Borneo elephant, also called the Bornean elephant or the Borneo pygmy elephant, is a subspecies of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) ...
Articles related to the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), a species of elephant distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, from India in the west to Borneo in the east, and Nepal in the north to Sumatra in the south. Three subspecies are recognised—E. m. maximus, E. m. indicus and E. m. sumatranus.
Asian elephants share a closer common ancestry with mammoths (genus Mammuthus) than they do with African elephants (Loxodonta). [4] The oldest species attributed to the genus Elephas is E. nawataensis from the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene of Kenya, though the validity of this species and its relationship to Elephas has been doubted. [5]
The earliest members of the modern genera of Elephantidae appeared during the latest Miocene–early Pliocene around 5 million years ago. The elephantid genera Elephas (which includes the living Asian elephant) and Mammuthus (mammoths) migrated out of Africa during the late Pliocene, around 3.6 to 3.2 million years ago. [17]
The Borneo elephant, an Asian elephant subspecies. Sundaland harbours 381 mammal species, [ 11 ] of which 173 are endemic to this region. [ 12 ] Three of orangutan species, Bornean orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus ), Sumatran orangutan ( P. abelii ) and Tapanuli orangutan ( P. tapanuliensis ) are listed in the IUCN red lists .
Borneo elephant is endemic for the island. The historical records of European association with Borneo and its fauna were compiled by Lord Medway that was published in 1977 by the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. There are 288 species of terrestrial mammals in Borneo which is dominated by the chiroptera (102 species of bats) and ...
The Earl of Cranbrook, et al. conclude that either an indigenous occupation of Borneo since the Pleistocene, or a recent introduction from Java, are plausible for the origin of the Borneo elephants. If the Borneo elephants are descended from Javan elephants, then the Javan elephants presumably would have also been genetically distinct from ...
Species name Family Region Vernacular name Status Aethopyga duyvenbodei: Nectariniidae: Sangihe island: Elegant sunbird: EN Gracula robusta: Sturnidae: North Sumatra