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Victor Vroom’s (1960) expectancy theory of motivation is one of the most popular, based on the suggestion that an individual’s behavior is motivated by anticipated results and potential success (Riggio, 2015).
Expectancy theory is about the mental processes regarding choice, or choosing. It explains the processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. In the study of organizational behavior, expectancy theory is a motivation theory first proposed by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management.
The Expectancy theory states that employee’s motivation is an outcome of: how much an individual wants a reward (Valence), the assessment that the likelihood that the effort will lead to expected performance (Expectancy) and the belief that the performance will lead to reward (Instrumentality).
This simple chain of perceived cause and effect is the basis of Expectancy Theory. It advocates creating and maintaining strong links between high effort, high performance, and proper reward. In this article, we'll explore how you can put the theory into practice, to motivate your team.
The expectancy theory of motivation, also known as the valence-instrumentality-expectancy theory, states that a person's motivation is directly tied to an expected outcome as a result of their hard work and labor.
Vroom suggests that an employee's beliefs about Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence interact psychologically to create a motivational force such that the employee acts in ways that bring pleasure and avoid pain.
So, the Expectancy Theory of Motivation proposes that individuals will be motivated to perform a behaviour or task if they believe their efforts will result in improved performance, leading to desired outcomes or rewards they value.
In a nutshell, these theories held in common the premise that the motivational force a person would feel toward a particular choice (or position or alternative) was a joint, multiplicative function of the individual’s beliefs about the expected value of the outcomes that the choice alternative would bring about, multiplied by the perceived proba...
Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation is a process theory of motivation. It says that an individual’s motivation is affected by their expectations about the future.
Developed by Victor Vroom, this theory highlights three key components: expectancy (belief that effort leads to performance), instrumentality (belief that performance leads to rewards), and valence (value placed on the rewards).