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  2. Method of exhaustion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_exhaustion

    The area of an ellipse is proportional to a rectangle having sides equal to its major and minor axes; The volume of a sphere is 4 times that of a cone having a base of the same radius and height equal to this radius; The volume of a cylinder having a height equal to its diameter is 3/2 that of a sphere having the same diameter;

  3. Cavalieri's principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalieri's_principle

    From the definition of a cycloid, it has width 2πr and height 2r, so its area is four times the area of the circle. Calculate the area within this rectangle that lies above the cycloid arch by bisecting the rectangle at the midpoint where the arch meets the rectangle, rotate one piece by 180° and overlay the other half of the rectangle with it.

  4. Dynamic rectangle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_rectangle

    A root-phi rectangle divides into a pair of Kepler triangles (right triangles with edge lengths in geometric progression). The root-φ rectangle is a dynamic rectangle but not a root rectangle. Its diagonal equals φ times the length of the shorter side. If a root-φ rectangle is divided by a diagonal, the result is two congruent Kepler triangles.

  5. Shoelace formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoelace_formula

    Shoelace scheme for determining the area of a polygon with point coordinates (,),..., (,). The shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula and the surveyor's formula, [1] is a mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are described by their Cartesian coordinates in the plane. [2]

  6. Equivalent spherical diameter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_spherical_diameter

    In other terms, it is the length of the line dividing the projection in two areas of equal surfaces. The area-equivalent diameter D A, also termed circular-equivalent diameter, is the diameter of a sphere having the same projected area as the particle's projection. Enabled by the introduction of digital image analysis, this corresponds to a ...

  7. Varignon's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varignon's_theorem

    An arbitrary quadrilateral and its diagonals. Bases of similar triangles are parallel to the blue diagonal. Ditto for the red diagonal. The base pairs form a parallelogram with half the area of the quadrilateral, A q, as the sum of the areas of the four large triangles, A l is 2 A q (each of the two pairs reconstructs the quadrilateral) while that of the small triangles, A s is a quarter of A ...

  8. Brahmagupta's formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmagupta's_formula

    This formula generalizes Heron's formula for the area of a triangle. A triangle may be regarded as a quadrilateral with one side of length zero. From this perspective, as d approaches zero, a cyclic quadrilateral converges into a cyclic triangle (all triangles are cyclic), and Brahmagupta's formula simplifies to Heron's formula.

  9. Projected area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projected_area

    Projected area is the two dimensional area measurement of a three-dimensional object by projecting its shape on to an arbitrary plane. This is often used in mechanical engineering and architectural engineering related fields, especially for hardness testing, axial stress , wind pressures, and terminal velocity .