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Five—the Milk, Pend d'Oreille, Saint Lawrence, Red, and Saint John—begin in the United States and flow into Canada. Of these, the Milk and the Kootenay cross the international border twice, the Milk leaving and then re-entering the United States, the Kootenay leaving and then re-entering Canada. [1]
Drainage basins of Canada. The major Canadian drainage basins are the following: [1] [2] Arctic Ocean; Pacific Ocean; Hudson Bay including James Bay and Ungava Bay; Atlantic Ocean including the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Drainage basin; Gulf of Mexico by the Mississippi River basin
The Fraser River is known for the fishing of white sturgeon, all five species of Pacific salmon (chinook, coho, chum, pink, sockeye), as well as steelhead trout. The Fraser River is also the largest producer of salmon in Canada. [25] A typical white sturgeon catch can average about 500 pounds (230 kg). [26]
A section of the river demarcates the Canada–U.S. border. As the primary drainage outflow of the Great Lakes Basin, the St. Lawrence has the second-highest discharge of any river in North America (after the Mississippi River) and the 16th-highest in the world. The estuary of St. Lawrence is often cited by scientists as the largest in the world.
The Red River is about 885 kilometres (550 mi) long, [2] of which about 635 kilometres (395 mi) are in the United States and about 255 kilometres (158 mi) are in Canada. [3] The river falls 70 metres (230 ft) on its trip to Lake Winnipeg, where it spreads into the vast deltaic wetland known as Netley Marsh.
For example, due to 18 cutoffs created between 1766 and 1885, the length of the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois, to New Orleans, Louisiana, was reduced by 351 kilometres (218 miles). [10] These points make it difficult, if not impossible, to get an accurate measurement of the length of a river.
Lake Superior is fed by more than 200 rivers, including the Nipigon River, the St. Louis River, the Pigeon River, the Pic River, the White River, the Michipicoten River, the Bois Brule River and the Kaministiquia River. The lake's outlet at St. Marys River has a relatively steep gradient with rapids. The Soo Locks enable ships to bypass the ...
In 1848, the Illinois and Michigan Canal was built to connect the Mississippi River to Lake Michigan via the Illinois River near Peru, Illinois. The canal allowed shipping between these important waterways. In 1900, the canal was replaced by the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal.