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A map of Babylon, with major areas and modern-day villages. The spelling Babylon is the Latin representation of Greek Babylṓn (Βαβυλών), derived from the native Bābilim, meaning "gate of the god(s)". [15] The cuneiform spelling was 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (KÁ.DIG̃IR.RA KI). This would correspond to the Sumerian phrase Kan dig̃irak. [16]
Map of the Old Babylonian Empire under Hammurabi (r. c. 1792–1750 BC). Babylonia was founded as an independent state by an Amorite chieftain named Sumu-abum c. 1894 BC. For over a century after its founding, it was a minor and relatively weak state, overshadowed by older and more powerful states such as Isin, Larsa, Assyria and Elam.
The Chaldean dynasty, also known as the Neo-Babylonian dynasty [2] [b] and enumerated as Dynasty X of Babylon, [2] [c] was the ruling dynasty of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, ruling as kings of Babylon from the ascent of Nabopolassar in 626 BC to the fall of Babylon in 539 BC.
His successor, Joseph II (1696–1713), was officially bestowed with the symbolic title Patriarch of Babylon. Although this patriarchate was established in the city of Diyarbakır, it was eventually moved to the city of Mosul and finally to Baghdad where it remains to this day.
The fall of Babylon occurred in 539 BC, when the Persian Empire conquered the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The success of the Persian campaign, led by Cyrus the Great , brought an end to the reign of the last native dynasty of Mesopotamia and gave the Persians control over the rest of the Fertile Crescent .
Map of the expanding territory of the Hasmonean kingdom. c. 143–141 BCE. The Acra citadel in Jerusalem, a stronghold of Greek influence, falls to the nascent Hasmonean state. [17] [88] The fortress of Gezer falls to the Hasmoneans. [89] Simon Thassi takes formal control of the nascent independent Hasmonean state in 170 SE.
Pergamon Museum, Berlin, Ishtar gate. The Ishtar Gate was the eighth gate to the inner city of Babylon (in the area of present-day Hillah, Babil Governorate, Iraq).It was constructed c. 569 BC [1] by order of King Nebuchadnezzar II on the north side of the city.
According to the Book of Ezra, the Persian Cyrus the Great ended the Babylonian exile in 538 BCE, [14] the year after he captured Babylon. [15] The exile ended with the return under Zerubbabel the Prince (so-called because he was a descendant of the royal line of David) and Joshua the Priest (a descendant of the line of the former High Priests of the Temple) and their construction of the ...