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Heck's disease, also known as Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia, is an asymptomatic, benign neoplastic condition characterized by multiple white to pinkish papules that occur diffusely in the oral cavity. [1] [2]: 411 It can present with slightly pale, smooth or roughened surface morphology. It is caused by the human papilloma virus types 13 and 32. [3]
Smokeless tobacco keratosis (STK) [4] is a condition which develops on the oral mucosa (the lining of the mouth) in response to smokeless tobacco use. Generally it appears as a white patch, located at the point where the tobacco is held in the mouth. The condition usually disappears once the tobacco habit is stopped.
Focal acral hyperkeratosis (also known as "Acrokeratoelastoidosis lichenoides,") is a late-onset keratoderma, inherited as an autosomal dominant condition, characterized by oval or polygonal crateriform papules developing along the border of the hands, feet, and wrists. [8]: 509
Cases have risen dramatically over last decade, according to recent research
The disease occurs on the bone-bound oral mucosa of the hard palate and alveolar ridges. Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia is usually asymptomatic. It presents as a cluster of individual papules or nodules that may be erythematous, somewhat translucent, or normal in surface coloration. Mucosa is erythematous and has a pebbly or papillary surface.
The oral cavity is the most common site of this tumor. [6] The ages range from 50 to 80 years with a male predominance and a median age of 67 years. [ 7 ] VC may grow large in size, resulting in the destruction of adjacent tissue, such as bone and cartilage.
The signs and symptoms of oral cancer depend on the location of the tumor but are generally thin, irregular, red and/or white patches in the mouth. The classic warning sign is a persistent rough patch with ulceration , and a raised border that is minimally painful.
The commissures (corners of the mouth) are not usually involved. [2] [6] Affected individuals may experience symptoms such as a dry sensation and cracking of the lips. [7] It is usually painless and persistent. The appearance is variable. White lesions indicate hyperkeratosis. [7]