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Despite the fact that most recipes and even grocery stores refer to mint as if it’s a single herb, there are over 15 types of mint, including spearmint, peppermint, orange mint, and apple mint.
Mentha, also known as mint (from Greek μίνθα míntha, [2] Linear B mi-ta [3]), is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. [4] It is estimated that 13 to 24 species exist, but the exact distinction between species is unclear.
Spearmint can be infected by tobacco ringspot virus. This virus can lead to stunted plant growth and deformation of the leaves in this plant. In China, spearmint have been seen with mosaic symptoms and deformed leaves. This is an indication that the plant can also be infected by the viruses, cucumber mosaic and tomato aspermy. [25]
Peppermint (Mentha × piperita) is a hybrid species of mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint. [1] Indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, [2] the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world. [3] It is occasionally found in the wild with its parent species. [3] [4]
All parts of the plant have a distinctly minty smell. [4] [6] [7] Unbranched, hairless plants, with narrower leaves and paler flowers, native to areas of Sweden and Finland near the Baltic Sea, have been called Mentha aquatica var. litoralis. [8] Mentha aquatica is a polyploid, with 2n = 8x = 96 chromosomes. [9]
Rust fungus is a disease that is common for most of the Mentha plants such as peppermint and spearmint. These diseases are flagged due to the improbability of controlling once it starts in a mint farm. They are typically cut immediately when discovered to help reduce the probability of contaminating the rest of the plant leaves. [19]
It is a very variable herbaceous perennial plant with a peppermint-scented aroma. Like many mints, it has a creeping rhizome , with erect to creeping stems 40–120 cm tall. The leaves are oblong-elliptical to lanceolate, 5–10 cm long and 1.5–3 cm broad, thinly to densely tomentose, green to greyish-green above and white below.
Mentha canadensis is a perennial plant with an underground creeping rhizome and upright shoots. It can grow to a height of about 18 inches (460 mm). It has hairy stems bearing opposite pairs of leaves. Each leaf is borne on a short stalk and has a wedge-shaped base and is lanceolate or ovate, with a toothed margin and a hairy surface.