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Fluids may be classified by their compressibility: Compressible fluid: A fluid that causes volume reduction or density change when pressure is applied to the fluid or when the fluid becomes supersonic. Incompressible fluid: A fluid that does not vary in volume with changes in pressure or flow velocity (i.e., ρ=constant) such as water or oil.
Flubber, also commonly known as slime, is a non-Newtonian fluid, easily made from polyvinyl alcohol–based glues (such as white "school" glue) and borax. It flows under low stresses but breaks under higher stresses and pressures. This combination of fluid-like and solid-like properties makes it a Maxwell fluid.
A Newtonian fluid is a power-law fluid with a behaviour index of 1, where the shear stress is directly proportional to the shear rate: = These fluids have a constant viscosity, μ, across all shear rates and include many of the most common fluids, such as water, most aqueous solutions, oils, corn syrup, glycerine, air and other gases.
A fluid system designed for natural circulation will have a heat source and a heat sink. Each of these is in contact with some of the fluid in the system, but not all of it. The heat source is positioned lower than the heat sink. Most fluids expand when heated, becoming less dense, and contract when cooled, becoming denser. At the heat source ...
An active fluid is a densely packed soft material whose constituent elements can directly inject and dissipate energy. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Examples include dense suspensions of bacteria , microtubule networks or artificial swimmers. [ 1 ]
Boger fluids are named after David V. Boger, who in the late 1970s was the primary researcher pushing for the study of constant viscosity elastic liquids. [2] He released his first paper on Boger fluids in 1977, titled "A Highly Elastic Constant-Viscosity Fluid", where he described the ideal fluid for experimentation as a fluid that is "highly viscous and highly elastic at room temperature and ...
A fluid power system has a pump driven by a prime mover (such as an electric motor or internal combustion engine) that converts mechanical energy into fluid energy, Pressurized fluid is controlled and directed by valves into an actuator device such as a hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder, to provide linear motion, or a hydraulic motor or pneumatic motor, to provide rotary motion or torque.
In oil and gas industries, multiphase flow often implies to simultaneous flow of oil, water and gas. The term is also applicable to the properties of a flow in some field where there is a chemical injection or various types of inhibitors. [18] [19] In petroleum engineering, drilling fluid consists of a gas-solid phase. Furthermore, crude oil ...