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The Citizen Weather Observer Program is a program to collect surface weather observations from thousands of privately operated weather stations, into the FindU database, and forward it to the Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS Archived 2009-03-12 at the Wayback Machine), operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
A typical METAR contains data for the airport identifier, time of observation, wind direction and speed, visibility, current weather phenomena such as precipitation, cloud cover and heights, temperature, dew point, and barometric pressure. This information forms the body of the report, consisting a maximum of 11 groups of information.
ICAO Meteorological Information Exchange Model (IWXXM) is a format for reporting weather information in XML/GML.IWXXM includes XML/GML-based representations for products standardized in International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex III, such as METAR/SPECI, TAF, SIGMET, AIRMET, Tropical Cyclone Advisory (TCA), Volcanic Ash Advisory (VAA), [1] Space Weather Advisory and World Area ...
A pilot report or PIREP is a report of actual flight or ground conditions encountered by an aircraft.Reports commonly include information about atmospheric conditions (like temperature, icing, turbulence) or airport conditions (like runway condition codes or ground equipment failures).
TAF indicates that the following is a terminal aerodrome forecast. This line may also indicate an amended forecast (TAF AMD) or a corrected forecast (TAF COR) [3] KXYZ indicates the airport to which the forecast applies (ICAO airport code). 051730Z indicates that the report was issued on the 5th of the month at 1730 UTC (also known as Zulu ...
The airport observations are then transmitted worldwide using the METAR observing code. METAR reports typically come from airports or permanent weather observation stations. Reports are generated once an hour; however, if conditions change significantly, they may be updated in special reports called SPECIs. [9] [10] [11] [12]
The AWOS-C is the most up-to-date FAA owned AWOS facility and can generate METAR/SPECI formatted aviation weather reports. The AWOS-C is functionally equivalent to the ASOS. [4] FAA owned AWOS-C units in Alaska are typically classified as AWOS-C IIIP units while all other AWOS-C units are typically classified as AWOS III P/T units. [5]
Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) is a program initiated by the World Meteorological Organization. AMDAR is used to collect meteorological data worldwide by using commercial aircraft . Data is collected by the aircraft navigation systems and the onboard standard temperature and static pressure probes.