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As its alternate name (5-methyluracil) suggests, thymine may be derived by methylation of uracil at the 5th carbon. In RNA, thymine is replaced with uracil in most cases. In DNA, thymine (T) binds to adenine (A) via two hydrogen bonds, thereby stabilizing the nucleic acid structures. Thymine combined with deoxyribose creates the nucleoside ...
Instead of thymidine, RNA contains uridine (uracil joined to ribose). Uracil is chemically very similar to thymine, which is also known as 5-methyluracil. Since thymine nucleotides are precursors of DNA (but not RNA), the prefix "deoxy" is often left out, i.e., deoxythymidine is often just called thymidine. Thymidine is listed as a chemical ...
The purine nitrogenous bases are characterized by their single amino group (−NH 2), at the C6 carbon in adenine and C2 in guanine. [5] Similarly, the simple-ring structure of cytosine, uracil, and thymine is derived of pyrimidine, so those three bases are called the pyrimidine bases. [6]
The first reaction is the simplest of the syntheses, by adding water to cytosine to produce uracil and ammonia: [2] C 4 H 5 N 3 O + H 2 O → C 4 H 4 N 2 O 2 + NH 3. The most common way to synthesize uracil is by the condensation of malic acid with urea in fuming sulfuric acid: [5] C 4 H 4 O 4 + NH 2 CONH 2 → C 4 H 4 N 2 O 2 + 2 H 2 O + CO
[11] [12] The chemical reaction is depicted in Figure 1, where sulfonation occurs at the carbon-6 position of cytosine to produce the intermediate cytosine sulfonate. [13] This intermediate then undergoes irreversible hydrolytic deamination to create uracil sulfonate. Under alkaline conditions, uracil sulfonate desulfonates to generate uracil. [13]
22171 Ensembl ENSG00000176890 ENSMUSG00000025747 UniProt P04818 Q53Y97 P07607 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001071 NM_001354867 NM_001354868 NM_021288 RefSeq (protein) NP_001062 NP_001341796 NP_001341797 NP_001062.1 NP_067263 Location (UCSC) Chr 18: 0.66 – 0.67 Mb Chr 5: 30.26 – 30.28 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse thymidylate synthase Thymidylate synthase homodimer, Human ...
However, DNA and RNA differ in the second major pyrimidine. DNA contains thymine (T) while RNA contains uracil (U). There are some rare cases where thymine does occur in RNA and uracil in DNA. [1] Here are the 4 major ribonucleotides (ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate) which are the structural units of RNAs.
5,6-Dihydro-5(α-thyminyl)thymine is a DNA pyrimidine dimer photoproduct produced when DNA in bacterial spores is exposed to ultraviolet light. [1] In bacteria, this DNA base dimer deforms the structure of DNA, so endospore forming bacteria have an enzyme called spore photoproduct lyase that repairs this damage.