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The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (aka Essential Medicines List for Children [1] or EMLc [1]), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe in children up to twelve years of age to meet the most important needs in a health system.
NSAIDs may increase the risk of bleeding in patients with Dengue fever [108] For this reason, NSAIDs are only available with a prescription in India. [109] In very rare cases, ibuprofen can cause aseptic meningitis. [110] As with other drugs, allergies to NSAIDs might exist. While many allergies are specific to one NSAID, up to 1 in 5 people ...
Naproxen is also available in salt form, naproxen sodium, which has better solubility when taken orally. [9] Common side effects include dizziness, headache, bruising, allergic reactions, heartburn, and stomach pain. [8] Severe side effects include an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding, and stomach ulcers. [8]
Ibuprofen is a weaker anti-inflammatory agent than other NSAIDs. [10] Ibuprofen was discovered in 1961 by Stewart Adams and John Nicholson [12] while working at Boots UK Limited and initially marketed as Brufen. [13] It is available under a number of brand names including Advil, Motrin, and Nurofen.
In the short term, paracetamol is safe and effective when used as directed. [33] Short term adverse effects are uncommon and similar to ibuprofen, [34] but paracetamol is typically safer than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for long-term use. [35] Paracetamol is also often used in patients who cannot tolerate NSAIDs like ibuprofen.
Ibuprofen/paracetamol, sold under the brand name Combogesic among others, is a fixed-dose combination of two medications, ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); and paracetamol (acetaminophen), an analgesic and antipyretic. [6] It is available as a generic medication. [9] [10] [11]
One meta-analysis indicated that ibuprofen is more effective than acetaminophen in children at similar doses when both are given alone. [ 16 ] Due to concerns about Reye syndrome , it is recommended that aspirin and combination products that contain aspirin not be given to children or teenagers during episodes of fever-causing illnesses.
Morphine is effective and relatively safe, and is often used with moderate to severe pain. [19] Codeine and tramadol should be avoided especially in children younger than 12 years old since metabolism varies due to genetic differences between individuals, [20] and, in the case of tramadol, this medication has not been well studied in children. [21]