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The acute effects of ECT can include amnesia, both retrograde (for events occurring before the treatment) and anterograde (for events occurring after the treatment). [70] Memory loss and confusion are more pronounced with bilateral electrode placement rather than unilateral and with outdated sine-wave rather than brief-pulse currents.
A meta-analysis found that ultrasound therapy is effective in reducing pain, increasing ROM, and reducing WOMAC functional scores in patients with knee osteoarthritis. [7] There are three potential therapeutic mechanisms of ultrasound in physical therapy. The first is the increase in blood flow in the treated area.
The client can exhibit side effects such as nausea, headache, muscle stiffness, transient confusion, and temporary memory loss. [1] “The most disturbing and severe side effect of ECT is memory loss. It is believed that this side effect is attributable to the electricity that is passed through the brain”. [7] “Most people return to ...
Sonophoresis allows for the enhancement of the permeability of the skin along with other modalities, such as iontophoresis, to deliver drugs with lesser side effects. Currently, sonophoresis is used widely in transdermal drug delivery , but has potential applications in other sectors of drug delivery, such as the delivery of drugs to the eye ...
Two types of shock therapy are currently practiced: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), in which a seizure is induced in the brain, often as an intervention for major depressive disorder, mania, and catatonia. ECT remains a safe and effective treatment in some circumstances in modern psychiatry.
Typical treatment sessions lasting for about 20–30 min repeated daily for several weeks in the treatment of depression. [19] Adverse effects of long term treatment were not known as of 2017. [20] Nausea most commonly occurs when the electrodes are placed above the mastoid for stimulation of the vestibular system. A phosphene is a brief flash ...
Less-common side effects can include excess air or gas in your stomach, burping, heartburn, indigestion, fast heartbeat, low blood sugar, low energy and fatigue, or even gallstones, Dr. Comite says.
Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics (e.g., distances and velocities) or to generate an informative audible sound.