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In humans, the vermiform appendix is sometimes called a vestigial structure as it has lost much of its ancestral digestive function.. Vestigiality is the retention, during the process of evolution, of genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of the ancestral function in a given species. [1]
Ileum, caecum and colon of rabbit, showing Appendix vermiformis on fully functional caecum The human vermiform appendix on the vestigial caecum. The appendix was once believed to be a vestige of a redundant organ that in ancestral species had digestive functions, much as it still does in extant species in which intestinal flora hydrolyze cellulose and similar indigestible plant materials. [10]
The young Robert Ernst Eduard Wiedersheim, probably in early 1874 by Alfredo Noack in Genoa. [1]Robert Ernst Eduard Wiedersheim (21 April 1848 – 12 July 1923) was a German anatomist who is famous for publishing a list of 86 "vestigial organs" in his book The Structure of Man: An Index to His Past History.
This phenomenon is an automatic-response mechanism that activates even before a human becomes consciously aware that a startling, unexpected or unknown sound has been "heard". [2] That this vestigial response occurs even before becoming consciously aware of a startling noise would explain why the function of ear-perking had evolved in animals.
Atavism can also be seen in humans who possess large teeth, like those of other primates. [9] In addition, a case of "snake heart", the presence of "coronary circulation and myocardial architecture [that closely] resemble those of the reptilian heart", has also been reported in medical literature. [ 10 ]
232334 Ensembl ENSG00000144560 ENSMUSG00000030315 UniProt Q14135 Q80V24 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001128219 NM_001128220 NM_001128221 NM_001284390 NM_001284391 NM_014667 NM_177683 NM_001356371 RefSeq (protein) NP_001121691 NP_001121692 NP_001121693 NP_001271319 NP_001271320 NP_055482 NP_808351 NP_001343300 Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 11.56 – 11.77 Mb Chr 6: 114.84 – 114.95 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View ...
Vestigial-like family member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VGLL3 gene. [ 5 ] This protein is one of four mammalian homologs (VGLL1-4) of the vestigial gene found in the fruit fly Drosophila . [ 6 ]
What makes a human body structure vestigial is that presently it is useless or almost useless, i.e. having no important function. Greensburger ( talk ) 16:49, 1 September 2011 (UTC) [ reply ] The references you listed do not backup your statements, they mention mainly the appendix, and a few other structures.