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A ganglioneuroma is typically asymptomatic, and is typically only discovered when being examined or treated for another condition. Any symptoms will depend upon the tumor's location and the nearby organs affected. [citation needed] For example, a tumor in the chest area may cause breathing difficulty, chest pain, and trachea compression.
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A neuroma (/ nj ʊəˈr oʊ m ə /; plural: neuromata or neuromas) is a growth or tumor of nerve tissue. [1] Neuromas tend to be benign (i.e. not cancerous); many nerve tumors, including those that are commonly malignant, are nowadays referred to by other terms.
Histologically, ganglioglioma is composed of both neoplastic glial and ganglion cells which are disorganized, variably cellular, and non-infiltrative. Occasionally, it may be challenging to differentiate ganglion cell tumors from an infiltrating glioma with entrapped neurons.
Malignant ectomesenchymoma (MEM) is a rare tumor of soft tissues or the CNS, which is composed of both neuroectodermal elements [represented by ganglion cells and/or well-differentiated or poorly differentiated neuroblastic cells such as ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, neuroblastoma, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors – PNET ...
When molecular diagnostics are not complete enough to allow precise classification, diagnosis should be designated by appending not otherwise specified (NOS). In case of a full molecular workup which does not match any of the standard WHO diagnosis, tumors are to be labeled not elsewhere classified (NEC).
These tumors occur spontaneously (de novo) and have not progressed from a lower-grade glioma, as in high-grade astrocytomas [6] Glioblastomas have a worse prognosis and different tumor biology, and may have a different response to therapy, which makes this a critical evaluation to determine patient prognosis and therapy.
The first symptoms of neuroblastoma are often vague, making diagnosis difficult. Fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, and joint pain are common. Symptoms depend on primary tumor locations and metastases if present: [7] In the abdomen, a tumor may cause abdominal distension and constipation. A tumor in the chest may cause breathing problems.