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  2. Ultrafiltration (kidney) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafiltration_(kidney)

    This process is called ultrafiltration; the resulting fluid, virtually free of large proteins and blood cells, is referred to as glomerular filtrate, or ultrafiltrate. [1] Further modification of ultrafiltrate, by reabsorption and secretion, transforms it into urine. Glomerular pressure is about 75 millimeters of mercury (10 kPa). It is opposed ...

  3. Nephron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephron

    Fig.1) Schematic diagram of the nephron (yellow), relevant circulation (red/blue), and the four methods of altering the filtrate. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. [3] This means that each separate nephron is where the main work of the kidney is performed. A nephron is made of two parts:

  4. Urinary system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 5 February 2025. This article is about the human urinary system. For urinary systems of other vertebrates, see Urinary systems of birds, urinary systems of reptiles, and urinary systems of amphibians. Anatomical system consisting of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and the urethra Urinary system 1 ...

  5. Bowman's capsule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowman's_capsule

    Diagram showing Bowman's capsule as part of the renal corpuscle. The process of filtration of the blood in the Bowman's capsule is ultrafiltration, and the normal rate of filtration is 125 ml/min, equivalent to 80 times the daily blood volume. [citation needed] It is a major site for blood filtration (including glomerulus)

  6. Kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney

    This becomes the ureter. At the hilum, the ureter and renal vein exit the kidney and the renal artery enters. Hilar fat and lymphatic tissue with lymph nodes surround these structures. The hilar fat is contiguous with a fat-filled cavity called the renal sinus. The renal sinus collectively contains the renal pelvis and calyces and separates ...

  7. Renal physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_physiology

    This filtrate then flows along the length of the nephron, which is a tubular structure lined by a single layer of specialized cells and surrounded by capillaries. The major functions of these lining cells are the reabsorption of water and small molecules from the filtrate into the blood, and the secretion of wastes from the blood into the urine.

  8. Mammalian kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalian_kidney

    Generally, urine produced by the cortex and medulla drains from the papillae into the calyces, and then into the renal pelvis, from which urine exits the kidney through the ureter. [7] [10] Nitrogen-containing waste products are excreted by the kidneys in mammals mainly in the form of urea. [11] The structure of the kidney differs between ...

  9. Assessment of kidney function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_kidney_function

    This filtrate then flows along the length of the nephron, which is a tubular structure lined by a single layer of specialized cells and surrounded by capillaries. The major functions of these lining cells are the reabsorption of water and small molecules from the filtrate into the blood, and the secretion of wastes from the blood into the urine.